Friday, October 16, 2015

Dennis Crouch's Patently-O: 1 new topics, including “US Patent Application Filings for FY 2015”

Dennis Crouch's Patently-O: 1 new topics, including “US Patent Application Filings for FY 2015”

Link to Patently-O » Patent

US Patent Application Filings for FY 2015

Posted: 15 Oct 2015 06:29 PM PDT

By Jason Rantanen

The USPTO recently released the data on the number of patent applications filed in Fiscal Year 2015 via its Data Visualization Center (i.e.: the Dashboard) page.

Based on this data, the number of patent applications hasn’t taken a nosedive.  Instead, applications have remained at the same level as the preceding year.  The number of UPR (Utility, Plant and Reissue) applications did drop by about 0.5% as compared with Fiscal Year 2014, but that’s a very small change, especially when compared with the growth in UPR filings over the past several years.  In addition, when Requests for Continued Examination are broken out (the PTO includes RCEs in its numbers of UPR filings on the Dashboard spreadsheet), the number of applications actually rose by about 1%.

Figure 1 depicts the numbers of UPR applications filed per fiscal year, with and without RCEs.

UPR - FY 2015To check whether there might have been a sudden drop at the end of the year that affected these results, I also plotted the cumulative numbers of applications filed on a monthly basis for each fiscal year from 2009-2015. Fiscal year 2015 really doesn’t look all that different from Fiscal Year 2014 when viewed on a monthly basis and there’s no sudden unexpected dropoff at the end.

Applications - Time Series (2015)

Finally, I graphed the numbers of design patent applications filed each fiscal year.  I was a bit surprised that design patent applications were essentially flat as compared to FY 2014, indicating that – so far at least – there hasn’t been a huge surge in these applications.

Design applications 2015

 

Life Tech v. Promega: Inducing with Yourself

Posted: 15 Oct 2015 01:49 PM PDT

InducingYourselfIn Life Technologies Corp. v. Promega Corp., the Supreme Court has asked for the views of the Solicitor General — greatly raising the likelihood that the high court will take the case.  The kicker will be how the US Gov’t responds.

The case centers around Life Technologies’ international sales of genetic testing kits.  A portion of the kit included Taq polymerase that was manufactured in the US and sent to the UK where it was combined with additional components to produce the infringing kit.  Of course, the UK manufactured kit isn’t infringing under ordinary U.S. patent law because it is being manufactured, sold, and used outside of the US.  However, Section 271(f) of the Patent Act provides a cause of action for infringement based upon export of components of a patented invention to be combined abroad.

This case focuses on Section 271(f)(1) that provides:

Whoever without authority supplies or causes to be supplied in or from the United States all or a substantial portion of the components of a patented invention, where such components are uncombined in whole or in part, in such manner as to actively induce the combination of such components outside of the United States in a manner that would infringe the patent if such combination occurred within the United States, shall be liable as an infringer.

The elements of infringement under Section 271(f)(1) appear to be:

  • Supply or cause to supply in or from the US;
  • A substantial portion of the components of a patented invention in uncombined form; and
  • In a way that actively induces the combination outside of the US in a manner that would infringe the patent if it had been combined within the US.

In finding for the patentee, the Federal Circuit made two interesting decisions:

  1. The exporter can induce itself to combine the components abroad.
  2. A single component (here the Taq polymerase) can serve as “a substantial portion of the components."

In his essay on the decision, Jason Rantanen wrote that these holdings are “probably erroneous—doctrinal developments.”

Now, in its petition for certiorari, the adjudged infringer has followed Prof. Rantanen’s lead and asks the following questions:

  1. Whether the Federal Circuit erred in holding that a single entity can "actively induce" itself to infringe a patent under 35 U.S.C. § 271(f)(1).
  2. Whether the Federal Circuit erred in holding that supplying a single, commodity component of a multi-component invention from the United States is an infringing act under 35 U.S.C. § 271(f)(1), exposing the manufacturer to liability for all worldwide sales.

 

The basic arguments here stem from the Supreme Court’s prior statements that 271(f) should be interpreted narrowly.  In his amicus brief supporting the petition, Dean Tim Holbrook argues that the Federal Circuit “consistently fails to consider the presumption against extraterritoriality” and that important interpretive doctrine leads to the conclusion that the court went too far here.

Next step in the case will be a brief submitted by the US Government staking out its position as to whether export should count as infringement. Although I am sympathetic to Holbrook’s position, the US administration is active enough in patent cases so that it can be the one making the argument if the case so warrants.

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