Tuesday, October 20, 2015

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OA Myths - Scholarly Communication - Library Guides at Old Dominion University

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 10:14 AM PDT

Eight myths about OA debunked by Topher Lawton.

2015 EPT OA Award Winners | Electronic Publishing Trust for Development

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 08:20 AM PDT

"It is with great pleasure that the Electronic Publishing Trust for Development announces the winners of the 2015 Award for individuals that have made a significant contribution to the progress of Open Access in the developing world. Candidates have been nominated from around the world according to the criteria for the EPT Annual OA Award.

The winner this year is Bianca Amaro, information coordinator at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT)....

Another highly active and motivated advocate for Open Access is Dr Roshan Kumar Karn from Nepal...." 

University of Massachusetts Amherst Job Posting: Open Access and Institutional Repository Librarian

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 07:59 AM PDT

"The UMass Amherst Libraries seek a dynamic and innovative librarian to focus on the management, promotion, and support of the University of Massachusetts digital repository,  ScholarWorks@Umass Amherst, working closely with library staff to leverage the full range of expertise and resources in the digital repository service.  This position will provide support for the administration of the UMass Amherst open access initiatives and manage communications and publicity regarding open access and scholarly communication in partnership with the W.E.B. Du Bois Library's Development and Communication Department...."

OVER 60% OF 2015 RESEARCH ARTICLES ON NATURE.COM ARE OPEN ACCESS

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 07:29 AM PDT

"Nature Publishing Group publishes 63% of research articles via open access models; 96% of authors choose CC BY....Open access is thriving at Nature Publishing Group (NPG). Sixty three per cent of original research articles published to date on nature.com in 2015 are open access, nearly 10,000 papers. Ten years ago, NPG introduced its first fully open access journal. Today, NPG publishes over 80 journals with an open access option.

In January 2015, NPG introduced Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) as the default open access license option on its 20+ fully owned open access journals. The percentage of authors choosing CC BY across all of NPG's open access journals has risen dramatically - from 26% in 2014 to 96% in September 2015. Other licenses are still available on demand.

This week is global Open Access Week, and also marks one year since NPG, now part of Springer Nature, announced that Nature Communications would become its flagship open access journal.

Sam Burridge, Managing Director, Open Research at Springer Nature said: "We believe we're the first of the longstanding science publishers to reach the landmark of over 60% open access content. By switching Nature Communications to full open access one year ago, we demonstrated our willingness to take a bold step and innovate in the open research space, creating a home for the highest quality open research. And we're encouraging our authors to choose more permissive licenses too...."

Welcome to #ORCID4OAWeek! | ORCID

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:59 AM PDT

"We are delighted to announce that this year, for the first time, ORCID is officially participating in Open Access Week. ORCID is strongly committed to openness as an organization. As well as having a public API and open test platform, we also make a snapshot of the Registry data marked public by record holders openly available every year (2015 will be available shortly).  Our software is available under an MIT open source license, all our documentation is open, and we use Trello to share our development and other plans publicly; and, of course, the ORCID Registry is open as is the iD itself. So, how are we planning to celebrate OA Week 2015? Our goal is to double the number of researchers registering for an ORCID iD from the current 20,000 a week to 40,000 this week - an ambitious target - AND getting more ORCID registrants to connect their iD to their affiliation information. ORCID staff will be participating in several events during OA Week, including, ORCID workshops at eResearch 2015 in Brisbane, Australia, the 4th National Open Access Workshop in Ankara, Turkey, a Robert Wood Johnson/SPARC forum, on and a Wiley webinar on Your Route to Open Access. Thanks to our Ambassadors, researchers in the following institutes will have the opportunity to sign up as part of local OA Week celebrations ..."

Open for collaboration? | Jisc

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:48 AM PDT

" ... It's fair to say that UK universities and funders have been among the front-runners in the European OA movement. Our research institutions and funders have been quick off the mark in policy development and the UK is responsible for around 15% of the 700 plus OA policies worldwide that have been recorded by the Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP).  However, many of those policies have been developed in isolation, by institutional research support staff responding to successive announcements on OA by Research Councils UK (RCUK) and the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE).  They have succeeded in developing and implementing workable policies in a fast-changing area but inevitably this approach leads to significant differences between policies – which brings us back to the theme of this year's OA week. Are researchers really free to collaborate openly with their peers in the UK and overseas if they are unintentionally tied by the conflicting OA requirements of two or more different institutions or funders?  The answer, of course, must be 'no'. The European Commission (EC) anticipated the difficulty and took steps to head it off back in 2012 when it recommended closer policy alignment - in the UK this process is under way. HEFCE's OA policy is relatively aligned with the EC's Horizon 2020 policy, and many of our universities are considering ways to achieve closer alignment with major research funders' OA policies ... It is a key focus of the European PASTEUR4OA collaboration to foster alignment of OA policies. Since the last OA week we produced a suite of resources designed to help universities and funders wherever they are in their transition to OA ..."

Advancing Open Textbooks on Your Campus | Center for Open Education

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:46 AM PDT

"From major research institutions to community colleges, the Open Textbook Network (OTN) helps your institution start or advance your campus open textbook initiative, and sustain it through staff development and networking.The institutions in OTN work together to: Help faculty members understand and adopt open textbooks in their classes Increase capacity of institutions to support open textbooks on campus Collect data to show the impact of open textbooks for students We've created a credible, easy-to-use, and peer-reviewed Open Textbook Library, and our network offers much more support ..."

Push the door wider! - Research Information

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:44 AM PDT

" ... So does that mean that all the hard work on OA has been done – in the UK, at least? Not yet. Even a cursory review of current institutional and funder OA policies reveals a few idiosyncrasies and many significant differences in approach. That's inevitable in a transitional phase but not ideal and so, in 2012, the European Commission advocated both OA approaches to research and closer alignment of policies. This is vital if we want to support collaborative research. As researchers now work more regularly with peers in other institutions and other nations – and as OA policies proliferate – they increasingly need to comply with the policies of several different bodies, perhaps with conflicting requirements ... In the UK the policy alignment process is under way – the Higher Education Funding Council for England's (HEFCE's) OA policy is relatively aligned with the EC's Horizon 2020 policy, and UK universities are, in turn, reviewing their own policies to bring them into line with major research funders' OA policies.   The PASTEUR4OA collaboration brings together representatives from ten European countries to develop European expertise on open access and fostering alignment of policies is an important aspect of that work. Over the last 12 months or so we have produced a suite of resources designed to help universities and funders wherever they are in their transition to OA ..."

Ready, set, open access! - BioMed Central blog

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:37 AM PDT

"Another year older, another year wiser, and another year of great success in open access publishing! What better way to celebrate fifteen years of open access than to bring you a week's worth of fantastic content all about it, during a week recognized (unsurprisingly) as International Open Access Week ..."

Evolving service user involvement – next step, academic publishing - BioMed Central blog

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:36 AM PDT

"Service user involvement in research is now a well-accepted concept with a key emphasis in the community on how we can improve our methods and evidence base. Here, Peter Beresford discusses how service user involvement in research has evolved and, as part of our Open Access Week celebrations, BioMed Central announces the tweet chat 'Academic publishing and patient/public awareness of research - two sides of the same coin?' #PPIpublishing ..."

Home - Open Access @SDSU - Research by Subject at San Diego State University

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:34 AM PDT

"This guide provides a brief introduction to Open Access, which OA Journals are indexed in our search databases and any support for publishing in OA Journals we may have."

SPARC Africa: capacitating Africa towards access to Open Scholarship - Open Access Week

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:31 AM PDT

"In response to the portentous need of access to scholarly content by the African research community, an additional SPARC Chapter, SPARC Africa, has been established and was launched at the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) Academic and  Research Libraries (ARL) Satellite meeting on the 14th August 2015.  The Chapter's primary focus will be to capacitate Africans in academic and research sectors to champion free access to scientific knowledge as a means to alleviate Africa's lack of access scholarly content. SPARC Africa invites membership from academic and research institutions, library and information profession associations, funding bodies, student representative organisations and parastatal organisations located within Africa ..."

Webinar: Open Access in Horizon 2020 | Highlights

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:30 AM PDT

"All projects receiving Horizon 2020 funding will have the obligation to make sure any peer-reviewed journal article which they publish is openly accessible, free of charge. Ensuring Open Access to publications may come with many question: what to deposit and where, how to ensure access, what are the implications of Open Access and how can it help my research? OpenAIRE aims to facilitate the road to Open Access and provides information and tools. To inform you about the novelties in Horizon 2020 concerning Open Access and how to comply, we will host a webinar on Monday the 19th of October, 12.00 CET. Join us for an overview of what Open Access entails, how to comply with the Open Access to publications mandate of the EC and what OpenAIRE can offer. The webinar, led by Inge Van Nieuwerburgh, from the University of Ghent, will address the following topics ..."

Symposium: Connecting Research Data

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:29 AM PDT

"The symposium 'Connecting data for research' will focus on good practices concerning the collecting, structuring, visualising and sharing of research data. Target groups are researchers of all institutions and disciplines. The symposium is organised during the International Open Access week by Radboud University, Leiden University, University of Amsterdam, Free University Amsterdam, DANS-KNAW and SURF. This event is supported by OpenAIRE 2020 (via the Dutch NOAD), and the European Foster Open Science project ..."

OA2015 | 4th National Open Access Workshop

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:28 AM PDT

"In accordance with the developments and achievements in the world on the subject of open access, 4th National Open Access Workshop (AE2015) will be held in October 19th-21st 2015, in Ankara, hosted by TÜBİTAK, with the cooperation of Anatolian University Libraries Consortium (ANKOS), Hacettepe University, İzmir Institute of Technology (İYTE) and TÜBİTAK. The AE2015 workshop is organized to discuss free access to scientific publications and data financed by public funds, opening of these publications and data to public via institutional digital archives; policies, strategies, legislation, standards and software infrastructures necessary for the implementation of open access. The participation rate is expected to be high ..."

Open Access to research publications and data | Foster

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:27 AM PDT

"Consultation for Cypriot policy makers, managements of research institutions, and staff working in funding bodies ..."

Space Station Live: Open Access To Space Station Science Data

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:24 AM PDT

Use the link to access the video.

Significant funds available to support faculty publishing in open access journals

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:23 AM PDT

"In celebration of International Open Access Week, the sponsors of the Kansas Open Access Publishing Fund, or KOAPF, remind researchers that funding is available to assist with publishing fees from peer-reviewed open access journals.  The fund is jointly supported by the Office of the Provost and Senior Vice President, Office of Research and Sponsored Programs and K-State Libraries. Up to $3,000 per article is provided to pay publication fees in open-access journals that provide free, immediate, online access to the full text of research articles upon publication without restrictions. In fiscal year 2014, the fund distributed $60,000 to 44 faculty; in fiscal year 2015 $54,126 was distributed to 35 individuals. For fiscal year 2016, several thousand dollars remain to fund applications that comply with the eligibility criteria. Awards will be made on a first-come, first-served basis ..."

Benefits of Depositing in eKMAIR, institutional repository of NaUKMA - Open Access Week

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:19 AM PDT

"Workshop about advantages of institutional repository for scientists."

Announcing the Open Access Spectrum (OAS) Evaluation Tool | SPARC

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:18 AM PDT

"SPARC is pleased to announce the launch of a new program that builds upon this valuable resource. The Open Access Spectrum (OAS) Evaluation Tool provides a concrete, quantifiable mechanism to independently analyze publications' policies. It offers unprecedented insight and transparency into scholarly journals' degree of openness.  Developed in 2013 and revised in 2014, the HowOpenIsIt?® guide lays out, in descriptive fashion, the array of polices a journal can have in the continuum between 'Open' and 'Closed' across six critical dimensions – reader rights, reuse rights, copyrights, author posting rights, automatic posting, and machine readability. The organizations behind the HowOpenIsIt? Guide – SPARC and PLOS– have been joined by BioMed Central, Copernicus Publications, eLife, Frontiers, Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and Research Libraries UK (RLUK) in the development of the Open Access Spectrum (OAS) Evaluation Tool. This new service, in effect, converts a qualitative resource – the HowOpenIsIt? Guide – into a quantitative tool. For more on the mechanics of how the certification program works, see below. The OAS Evaluation Tool generates an 'Openness' score that is straightforward, easy to understand, and free. The program provides critical information to authors, libraries, research funders, government agencies, and other interested parties. It can be used to help determine compliance with funder policies, institutional mandates, and researchers' individual values.  It also offers a unique opportunity for publishers to independently validate their journals' degree of openness and compliance with funder/campus policies ..."

Wellcome Library | Open Access timeline

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:16 AM PDT

Use the link to access the infographic.

A Day in the Life of an Open Access Research Adviser | Unlocking Research

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:14 AM PDT

"As anyone working in it knows all too well, Open Access can be a complicated field, with multiple policies from funders, institutions and publishers which can be complex, sometimes obscure and sometimes mutually contradictory. While we're keen to raise awareness of and engagement with Open Access issues, the University of Cambridge's view is that expecting academics to get to grips with all this themselves would represent an unreasonable demand on their time and likely lead to errors and resentment. Instead, Cambridge's policy is that authors should simply send us their Accepted Manuscript at acceptance through our simple upload system and our team of Research Advisers will check out exactly what they need to do to comply with all the relevant funder and journal policies and get back to them with individually-tailored advice. The same system also allows us to take care of deposit into the repository for HEFCE and to manage payments from the block grants we've received from the UK Research Councils (RCUK) and the Charities Open Access Fund (COAF – seven biomedical charities, including the Wellcome Trust). The idea is that from the academic's point of view the process feels smooth and seamless. But the reality is that very little of the process is automated. Behind the scenes there's a lot of (thankfully metaphorical) running around by our team of three Open Access Research Advisers to provide this service, as well as working on broader issues of communication, processing APCs and improving our systems. So what does a Cambridge Open Access Research Adviser do all day? Here's a typical day in the life…"

Austria: a concerted and coordinated national effort to lead by example | News Service

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:12 AM PDT

"It is Open Access Week 2015 and what better way to mark than by publishing some extremely good news! DOAJ is extremely grateful for the support that it now receives from Austria! These are truly outstanding commitments from Austrian universities and research centres, from the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). This is the first time that DOAJ has received support from a Ministry and a research funder and it demonstrates, in a very concrete way, a determination to support Open Access that goes far beyond signing Open Access declarations and issuing open access policies that, far too often, are too soft. To be blunt: it is really good to see influential organisations putting their resources and power where their mouths are. DOAJ hopes that the Austrian example will inspire others to do the same! Read the FWF press release published today: see section 'Successful fund raising campaign for the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) by Universities Austria (UNIKO) and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)' in the middle of that page. The original announcement is here (in German) ..."

Gary Hall - Media gifts - Does Academia.edu Mean Open Access Is Becoming Irrelevant?

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:10 AM PDT

" ... Tomorrow is the start of International Open Access Week 2015, an annual event designed to promote the importance of making academic research available online to scholars and the general public free of charge. But when it comes achieving this goal, is the open access movement in danger of being somewhat outflanked by Academia.edu? Has the latter not better understood the importance of both scale and centralisation to a media environment that is rapidly changing from being content-driven to being more and more data-driven? Launched in 2008, Academia.edu is a San Francisco-based technology company whose platform displays many of the same features as professional social networking sites such as LinkedIn. Users have an individual 'real-name' profile page, complete with their picture, CV, details of their professional affiliations, biography and employment history. The main difference in Academia.edu's case is that these features are accompanied by the user's academic research interests and a list of publications – generally the associated metadata but also quite regularly now the actual full texts themselves (often in the form of the author's pre- or post-print manuscript, if not the final published pdf) – that others in the network can bookmark or download from the platform. Academia.edu also enables users to send messages to one another on the site, post drafts of papers they would like feedback on, and receive updates when new texts are uploaded – either by those on the platform they are following or in specific areas of research in which they have expressed an interest. In addition, a set of metrics is provided detailing the number of followers a user has, together with an Analytics Dashboard that allows academics to monitor the total number and profile of the views their work has received: page view counts, download counts, and so on. The platform even breaks these 'deep-analytics' down by country. Yet for all Academia.edu describes itself as a 'social networking service' for academics that 'enables its users, including graduate students … to connect with other users… around the world with the same research interests', it operates increasingly as 'a platform for academics to share research'. 26,281,552  academics have signed up to Academia.edu as of October 18, 2015, the site claims, having collectively added 6,972,536 papers and 1,730,462 research interests. In fact, academics are using it to share their research – both journal articles and books – to such an extent that shortly after it purchased the rival social network for researchers Mendeley in 2013, Elsevier sent 2,800 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices to Academia.edu regarding papers published on the site that the academic publishing giant claimed infringed its copyright ..."

70 world-class scientists create free course to explore extremes of the Universe

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:06 AM PDT

"More than 70 world-class physicists from Université Paris-Saclay have developed a new free programme called a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), an online course with unlimited numbers of students and open access, to explore the Universe at its most extreme scales; from particles to stars. Students will learn how the Universe was formed, and has evolved, as the researchers present the scientific and technological challenges they face in the study of the infinitely small and the infinitely large. Participants will be shown what societal applications can be gained from this research, such as advances in medical imaging, image recognition, nuclear energy, and supercomputing. It's the first MOOC from Université Paris-Saclay, an institution established by 19 of France's biggest names in science, engineering, business and humanities, including the French National Centre for Scientific Research and top-ranked engineering school École Polytechnique. The university welcomed its inaugural class this month ..."

Court of Appeals rules in favor of Google Books on fair use.

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:04 AM PDT

" ... Last week, Leval—now serving as a senior judge on the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals—finally got his best shot yet at restoring balance to 'fair use' law, in an expansive Court of Appeals decision that reaffirmed the lawfulness of Google Books, a project that involved the unlicensed scanning and online search of whole libraries. A similar decision against the plaintiffs in another case, this one involving a non-for-profit research database, had come down last year. But last week's 3–0 Google Books decision broke ground by straightforwardly favoring the book-scanning project's wholly commercial parent company (still known as 'Google,' but now a division of Alphabet Inc.) ..."

Open Access Week | Library

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:04 AM PDT

" ... Get behind Open Access (OA) — the principle that research should be accessible online, for free, immediately after publication — to improve access to research — and make your work as a student / faculty member / researcher easier ..."

Archivalia: Open Access repositories Comparison of Zenodo and FreiDok

Posted: 20 Oct 2015 01:00 AM PDT

[From Google's English] "Already the heading 'FreiDok - self-archiving turnoff' my entry http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/1022470150/ signaled that I am not particularly happy with FreiDok. . As a lecturer at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau I have the opportunity there to try the 'green way' of Open Access uploads by me there in the institutional (only: FreiDok) and disciplinary repositories: https: //www.freidok.uni- freiburg.de/pers/11733 (64 Eprints) http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/ (= Artdok: 26 Eprints since 14 Eprints since 2009) http://eprints.rclis.org/ (= E-LIS, Eprints 3 since 2006) http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-63164 (SSOAR, 1 vera lasster I upload probably 2009) http://sammelpunkt.philo.at:8080/340/ (1 Eprint, in 2002) http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-opus-16641 (= pedocs, 1 Eprint of 2009) I have begun lately to mark URL changes in my publication list with strikethrough: http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/4974627/ Such changes are a no-go in range of Open Access repositories, as they destroy the scientists rightly important illusion of permanence. These mortal sin committed without forwarding E-LIS and Gindok see http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/1022435578/ With forwarding:. FreiDok My list of publications is to maintain due to the changes (not only in the field of commercial providers such as Amazon, Google etc.) rather complex. The switch FreiDok pieces on URNs I have for example not yet managed. To inform that my Freiburger site with more than 10 full-text linked there without me has disappeared from the network, is not my fault ..."

Opening Up Open Access – Planned Obsolescence

Posted: 19 Oct 2015 01:58 AM PDT

It's Open Access Week, and as befits the occasion, I'm starting it this morning by thinking about what we've accomplished, what obstacles we've found — or even, if I might dare to whisper, created — and what remains to be done in order create full commitment among scholars and researchers to getting their work into circulation in the most free, open, and equitable ways possible.

The last several months have been quite interesting in humanities OA land: we've seen the launch of exciting initiatives such as the Open Library of the Humanities and Luminos, plus the first round of competition for a joint Mellon-NEH Humanities Open Book Program (not to mention a wide range of other Mellon-funded OA projects). At the same time, there seems also to have been an uptick in approaches to humanities scholars by somewhat shady-looking publications claiming an interest in publishing their work (for a fee) or asking to add them to a (somewhat random) editorial board. For many scholars, sadly, the latter cast a long shadow, making it that much harder to persuade them of the value to their work that OA might provide.

I have been wondering of late about the extent to which the problem is the degree to which our thinking about the goals of OA has gotten derailed by our focus on the business model of OA — and even worse, by a more-or-less exclusive focus on one particular business model that can simply be taken up without the need to reconsider the purposes or values of scholarly communication. Shifting costs from the reader side to the author side creates hardly a ripple in the system, as witness the speed and fluidity and commitment with which the most problematic corporate journal publishers have absorbed this shift into their regular practices.1

Having said this, however, I must admit that I feel a bit implicated in that derailment-by-business-model, as my early interventions into thinking about OA in the humanities very much focused on gold OA, on making publications freely and openly available at the source. And I do still think that there are ways of implementing gold OA publishing models — perhaps especially around monographs — that might be more equitable and should be further explored.2 But I worry that this singular focus on making publications freely available might have prematurely foreclosed a set of larger discussions about the broader circulation of scholarship in general.

In some of the early open access meetings I attended, in fact, I found myself arguing with a few other participants who insisted that we were headed in the wrong direction, and that we needed to be thinking about green OA, on the author side of making things freely available — primarily through repository deposit — rather than on the publisher side. But the longer I think about it, the more I have come to believe that what I had in mind in the creation of free-and-open publications bears more in common with repositories than it does with the dominant mode through which OA has been taken up by corporate publishers. My all-too-nascent idea, after all, was based on my experiences with MediaCommons, which led me to hope that groups of scholars could take control of the systems through which they publish by creating collective, cooperative, scholar-organized and -governed publications on open networks.

And some of that has happened. The Open Library of the Humanities, notably, was founded by two humanities scholars who are working closely with the scholars who operate the journals under its umbrella.3 And, of course, MLA Commons is a platform developed by a scholar-governed society on which members are encouraged to develop and share new projects with the field in a wide variety of ways.

But there's been comparatively slow uptake on this end of the open access spectrum, and it's worth considering why. On the one hand, there is the fact that publishing requires work, and comparatively few scholars have the time or inclination required to move some of their "own" work aside in favor of working on publishing's machinery, whether by building their own publications or supporting others through the publishing process. That sort of work isn't, by and large, what we trained for, and perhaps more importantly, it isn't the kind of thing for which we get credit.4

Even more, there is the question of prestige: scholars continue to publish in venues that have established imprimaturs, and in venues that they have no editorial hand in, because those two factors continue to be privileged by the various review mechanisms up the chain. Scholars need to persuade internal and external review committees that their work has been selected through an impartial, rigorous review process, and all the better if the name of the organization that runs that review process resonates. But of course publishing collectives are capable of being just as (if not more) rigorous, and scholarly associations like my own can provide not just an imprimatur for those collectives but also access to the many other members in the field that the collectives would likely want to reach.

So the question that remains for me is what will be required in order to motivate scholars to take the lead in forming such collectives. Much of the OA movement has focused on a hearts-and-minds campaign of sorts, working to convince individual scholars that open access to their work is not just good for the work but also key to intellectual forms of social justice. But I think, in the coming years, we need to pay as much attention to shifting the requirements of those review mechanisms up the chain, whether institution- or funder-based, in order to persuade them that impact and prestige might not necessarily correlate, that rigor need not necessarily require distance, and that all publications — from the individual scholarly blog to the most carefully edited monograph — demand to be evaluated on their own terms, with an understanding of the possibilities each presents for the increase in knowledge we all seek.
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